Effect of electromagnetic radiation at different bands on the expressions of SOX9 and WT1 in rat Sertoli cells / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To explore the changes of SOX9 and WT1 expressions in rat Sertoli cells irradiated by EMP ( electromagnetic pulse),S-HPM ( S-band high power microwave) and X-HPM ( Xband high power microwave).Methods Primary Sertoli cells were isolated from 3-week-old Wistar rats and its purity was immunocytochemistrically indentified with WT1.After exposure to 6 × 104 V/m EMP,100 mW/cm2 S-HPM and X-HPM for 4 min respectively,SOX9 and WT1 expressions in Sertoli cells were determined with real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results SOX9 mRNA expression was decreased at 6 and 12 h post-irradiation of three different bands of electromagnetic microwave ( F =15.20and 4.84,P ＜ 0.05 ).SOX9 protein expression was also decreased at 6 and 24 h after irradiation ( F =8.46 and 7.47,P＜0.05).WT1 mRNA expression was decreased at6 and 12 h (F=13.46 and 5.08,P ＜ 0.05 ),but its protein expression was decreased only at 24 h post-irradiation ( F =10.26,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Three bands of electromagnetic radiation reduce the expressions of SOX9 and WT1 in rat Sertoli cells,which may provide molecular foundation for genital system hazards induced by microwave radiation.

Study on toxicity of hyperoside in rat embryo-fetal development / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the toxicity of hyperoside in rat embryo-fetal development, in order to provide preference for safe use of drugs during gestation period.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Healthy pregnant rats were randomly divided into hyperosid groups (30, 175, 1000 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)), the positive control group (cyclophosphamide, 7 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and the solvent control group (1% aqueous carboxymethylcellulose). These rats were orally administered with hyperosid or vehicle during 6-15 d after gestation and subcutaneously injected with cyclophosphamide during 11-13 d. Maternal clinical sign, abortions, premature deliveries and body weight were monitored throughout gestation. At termination (gestation days 20), pregnant females were evaluated for clinical symposiums, weight change, corpora lutea count, existence and death of embryos; live fetuses were examined for gender, external, visceral and skeletal malformation and variations.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All pregnant rats showed no significant abnormality in appearance, viscera and skeletal development. However, there was a difference between the high-dose group of hyperoside and negative control group in the fetus body weight, the length of the embryos and the length of tail (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pregnant women are suggested to cautiously use hyperoside because it shows certain impact on development of fetal rats under the experimental conditions.</p>

Changes in activities of daily living (ADL) among elderly Chinese by marital status, living arrangement, and availability of healthcare over a 3-year period

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>The purpose of this study was to assess how changes from different baselines of activities of daily living (ADL) can be explained by marital status, living arrangement and healthcare.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Study conducted in 2002 and 2005, 8,099 surviving and 3,822 deceased elderly aged 65 years and over were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and health factors, elderly who were either married or living alone were less likely to encounter ADL decline compared to their counterparts. This was true only for those with fully independent ADL at baseline. Notably, once the functional status of the elderly declined from baseline and they became dependent on others, the status of living alone was no longer a significant predictor of the rate of future decline. On the other hand, elderly who had a spouse, children or other relatives as caregivers were more likely to experience a faster recovery and lower likelihood of death, compared to those who were cared by unrelated live-in caregivers. In addition, Chinese elderly with health insurance had a lower likelihood of death than their counterparts lacking health insurance, among those with ADL at the dependent baseline.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although there has been a change in family structure and living arrangements, the majority of Chinese elderly still rely on traditional forms of family support, especially after acquiring dependency status. As the elderly have different functional levels, healthcare policies in China should consider the need for both community and family support systems.</p>

Effects on rat hearts induced by three kinds of band electromagnetic radiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the effects on rat hearts induced by three kinds of band electromagnetic radiation (X-band, S-band and Electromagnetic pulse (EMP))and the differences of injury grade. Methods 180 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group (n = 36) and three experimental groups (n = 48) treated with X-band, S-band high power microwave and EMP, respectively. At different time-points (6 hours,1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days,6 months and 12 months) after irradiation, the rats were killed and the pathological changes of the heart tissues were observed. Results The rat hearts of three experimental groups were differently injured, but the change character was similar. The injury was more and more serious at 6 hours -7 days:deranged cardiomyofilaments, decreased glycogen, Pyknosis;lysed Purkinje cells;swelling matrix and serous exudates. The injured hearts showed convalesecence at 14-28 days, and returned to normal progressively at 6-12 months.compared with the injured hearts irradiated by the three different band wave electromagnetic at the same time: the hearts were injured most seriously irradiated by X-band high power microwave(HPM), and slighter for those by S-band HPM, most slightest for those by EMP. Those in control group were normal. Conclusions Three kinds of band wave electromagnetic radiation injure the rat hearts differently. The injury grades are X > S > EMP. The research indicates that the shorter wave length or higher frequency make rat hearts injure more seriously, and need the longer time to resume.

A review of studies on hair follicle dermal sheath cells / 生物医学工程学杂志

The dermal sheath surrounding the outside of the hair follicle maintains and regenerates the dermal papilla, a necessary component for hair regeneration. Dermal sheath cells participate in skin wound healing and have some characteristics of adult stem cells such as immuneprivilege, multiple differentiation and plasticity. It is likely that dermal sheath cells will be the new cynosure in the research on wound healing and tissue engineering. Here we review the studies of hair follicle dermal sheath in present years.

The electroporation effects of high power pulse microwave and electromagnetic pulse irradiation on the membranes of cardiomyocyte cells and the mechanism therein involved / 生物医学工程学杂志

Though there is ongoing public concern on potential hazards and risk of electromagnetic radiation, the bioeffects mechanism of electromagnetic fields remains obscure. Heart is one of the organs susceptive to electromagnetic fields (EMF). This study was designed to assess the influence of high power pulse microwave and electromagnetic pulse irradiation on cardiomyocytes, to explore the critical mechanism of electromagnetic fields, and to explain the regular course of injury caused by exposure to pulse EMF. Cultured cardiomyocytes were irradiated by high power pulse microwave and electromagnetic pulse first, then a series of apparatus including atom force microscope, laser scanning confocal microscope and flow cytometer were used to examine the changes of cell membrane conformation, structure and function. After irradiation, the cardiomyocytes pulsated slower or stop, the cells conformation was abnormal, the cells viability declined, and the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis increased significantly (P< 0.01). The cell membrane had pores unequal in size, and lost its penetration character. The concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+ and P3+ in cell culture medium increased significantly (P< 0.01). and the concentration of Ca2+ in cells ([Ca2+]i) decreased significantly (P<0.01). The results indicated that cardiomyocytes are susceptible to non-ionizing radiation. Pulse electromagnetic field can induce cardiomyocytes electroporation, and can do great damage to cells conformation, structure and function. Electroporation is one of the most critical mechanisms to explain the athermal effects of electromagnetic radiation.

Effect of ultraviolet C irradiation on expression of basic fib roblast growth factor of wound in rats / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the influence o f ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation of different doses on expression of basic fibrob last growth factor (bFGF) in granulation tissues of wound in rats. MethodsThirty Wistar rats were recruited and three wounds wer e made in each rat. The UVC irradiation of different doses (60mJ/cm2 and 15mJ/ cm2) were performed daily in two of the three wounds in each rat, respectively , and the UVC irradiation lasted for three days. The expression of bFGF both at the mRNA level and the protein level were observed by the methods of in situ hyb ridization and immunohistochemistry at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days after wound was made, respectively. ResultsAt the 7 days after woun d was made, the expression of bFGF in irradiation groups were higher than that i n the control group ( P

L-hydroxyproline changes in rats' skin induced by ultraviolet C irradiation / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the L-hydroxyproline (L-Hyp) changes in rats' skin after exposed to different doses of ultraviolet C irradiation (UVC) and the effect of UVC radiation on collagen synthesis.MethodsAfter the animal model was set up, each male Wistar rat was made three fresh skin wounds, and three skin wounds of rats were divided into the 15 MED UVC irradiation (15mJ/cm2),60 MED UVC irradiation (60mJ/cm2) and control (without UVC irradiation). Then the chemistry method was utilized to research changes of L-Hyp contents of the granulation.ResultsFrom the 21st to the 28th day after UVC irradiation, contents of L-Hyp in the 15 MED group were higher than that in controls (P<0.05). While at the 28th day, L-Hyp level in the 60 MED group increased greatly and was higher than that in other two groups (P<0.01).ConclusionUVC irradiation increases L-Hyp level in rat's wound skin, so it accelerates the collagen synthesis and is helpful to promote wound healing, and the effect of 60 MED dose is superior to that of 15 MED.

Study on expression of endothelin in experimental cerebral concussion in rats / 中国组织工程研究

Objective To study changes and significance of endothelin(ET) in rat cerebral concussion.Methods 80 Wistar male rats were used for animal model of cerebral concussion,which were sacrificed on 1,3,7,14 and 30 days after injury and the brain tissue were taken off. The expression of ET was studied in the course of cerebral concussion by means of immunohistochemistry.Results Typical clinical manifestation was observed in the 100 g group in which the pathological changes included cerebral vascular constriction and dilatation,congestion and edema of cerebral tissue,neuronal degeneration,necrosis,and obviously decreased even disappeared Nissl bodies.Increased expression of ET was observed on the first day,the positive area was seen in the plasma of endothelial cells in cerebral cortex,hippocampus,cerebellum and thalamus.ET expression peak occurred on the 7th day,the positive area was also found in the plasma of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum.Decreased ET expression was found on 14th day and returned to normal level on the 30th day.Conclusion The main pathological changes of cerebral concussion contained blood circulation disorder,and degeneration and necrosis of substantial cells.ET was involved in the brain tissue injury during the pathological process of cerebral concussion and might be related to regulation of cerebral vascular reaction,and neuron degeneration and necrosis.

Molecular mechanism of damage and repair of mouse thymus lymphocytes induced by radiation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of apoptosis in radiation-induced mouse thymus lymphocyte damage and repair and provide the basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of radiation-induced lymphocyte damage and repair as well as the prevention and treatment of acute radiation sickness.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We studied the dynamic changes of apoptosis of mouse thymus lymphocytes and the expression of bax and bcl-2 gene products after 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy of whole body gamma-irradiation using in situ terminal labeling, DNA electrophoresis and immunohistochemical techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the early stage after irradiation, the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes increased rapidly in accordance with the increasing of radiation doses, while the counts of the thymus and peripheral lymphocytes decreased sharply, showing an opposite change to lymphocyte apoptosis. After 6 Gy gamma-irradiation, typical morphological characteristics of thymus apoptotic lymphocytes in early, middle and late stages were found by transmission electron microscopy. The thymus lymphocytes displayed characteristic DNA ladders 4 hr and 8 hr after 2-6 Gy gamma-irradiation,using DNA gel electrophoresis techniques. Abnormal expression of bcl-2 and bax gene products were shown in irradiated lymphocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Apoptosis plays an important role in the process of radiation-induced mouse thymus lymphocyte damage and repair. Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may regulate the process of lymphocyte apoptosis.</p>

Mechanism and treatment principle for cerebral vessel spasm caused by concussion / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the mechanism of cerebral vessel spasm caused by concussion and the effect of Nimodipine on concussion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 224 patients who were treated from March 1995 to October 1999 were divided into two groups randomly, ie, Nimodipine group (113 cases) and control group (111 cases). Middle cerebral artery (MCA), basilar artery (BA) and the average peak forward velocity of cerebral blood flow were observed by color three-dimensional transcranial Doppler (3D-TCD) within 24 hours after admission and at the end of 3-6 days of treatment. Cerebral blood flow changes, characteristics and treatment effect were analyzed and determined by clinical main symptom disappearance rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In concussion, cerebral blood flow was divided into 3 phases: cerebral blood flow low infusion dilation phase, cerebral blood vessel spasm phase and cerebral blood flow recovery phase. In the Nimodipine group, clinical main symptom disappearance rate was higher than that in the control group in the cerebral spasm and recovery phases with a significant difference (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cerebral vessel spasm, hypoxia and ischemia lesion are the main pathological changes. Whether cerebral dysfunction is reversible or not is mainly determined by spasm time of cerebral blood vessel. Nimodipine has a good effect on releasing spasm and diminishing the cerebral blood flow velocity. It not only improves curative effect on concussion, but also reduces and prevents concussion sequelae. Hence, concussion patients who have cerebral spasm confirmed by 3D-TCD should be given Nimodipine routinely and early.</p>

Effect of ultraviolet C irradiation on expression of transforming growth factor β in wound / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo study the effect of ultraviolet C(UVC) irradiation at different doses on expression of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) of granulation tissues in wound. MethodsAfter dosing 15mJ/cm2 or 60mJ/cm2 UVC on wound of rats, the expression of TGF-β were observed at both the mRNA level and the protein level by the methods of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry respectively. Results At the 7th day after UVC irradiation, the expression of TGF-β in the 15mJ/cm2 group were higher than that in 60mJ/cm2 group and controls (P<0.05)at both the mRNA and the protein level. On the 21st day, the level of TGF-β mRNA in the 60mJ/cm2 group was higher than that in the other two groups(P<0.05).Conclusions At the early stage of wound healing,the treatment of 15mJ/cm2 UVC irradiation promots the expression of TGF-β and might be useful for accelerating wound healing. The level of TGF-β mRNA was up-regulated at the later stage at the dose of 60mJ/cm2 UVC irradiation.

A study on the effect of electromagnetic pulse on rabbit eye / 解放军医学杂志

retina. Degeneration was found in the epithelial cells of lens at day 30 after radiation. During day 90 to 360 after radiation, lens capsule was thickened, degeneration of epithelial cells, and edema on the posterior surface were found, and cataract ensued. The injurious effect was dose-related. Conclusion High power EMP may cause posterior capsular opacity and subsequent cataract, and the injurious effect was dose-related.

PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS DIED AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF CRITICAL SARS / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study the pathological characteristics, pathogenesis and the pathogen of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by systematic examination of the pathological changes in 30 organs from 6 autopsies of patients dying in different periods of the disease. Methods Pathological changes were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Results ①The basic pathological changes in the patients dying at the early stage of SARS were mainly degenerative changes, such as cellular degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis in the lung and immune organs (spleen, lymph nodes, and mucous membrane lymph tissue), and circulatory disturbances such as pulmonary edema, hyaloid membrane formataion and hemorrhage. In the patients dying at the middle and later stages, the basic pathological changes were necrosis and excoriation of pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells, interstitial fibrotic proliferation, accompanied by early fibrosis and progressive atrophy of lymphoid tissues. These results confirmed again that the lung and immune organs were the major target organs. ②The process of pulmonary changes could be divided into three periods: the first period was characterized by acute exudative and leakage inflammation (within two weeks of onset of the disease, the main pathological changes were severe diffuse edema and hyaline membrane formation in lung), the second period showed the feature of pulmonary epithelial necrosis and excoriation, accompanied by hyperplastic and organizational inflammation (within third to fourth weeks); the third period was hyperplasia and early fibrosis of pulmonary tissue (within fifth to sixth weeks) . The lung damages were widespread, immediate, progressive, staged and diverse. ③Serious damage and diffuse hemorrhage were observed in the immune organ, such as spleen, lymph nodes. Remarkable atrophy was seen in spleen nodules and lymph folliculi, with early apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocytes. The number of T cells and B cells were extremely decreased; the immune function became very low. The damages to the immune organs were widespread, immediate, and persistent. ④It was confirmed that novel coronavirus(Co v) was the major pathogen, and the chlamydia like particles was also one of the pathogens. At the same time, unknown stick like structures were found in the lung and spleen, and cocci were also found in the lung. Conclusions Examinations of the autopsy specimens from SARS patients showed that the pathogens were diverse, in which Co v was the major pathogen. The pathology involved multiple organs and cells in the human body, producing viremia. The lung and lymphoid tissues were the main target organs; pathological changes of the lung were progressive and could be divided into 3 stages. Pulmonary fibrosis occurred in 4～6 weeks. The atrophy of the immune organs was persistent and progressive. The immune function was low for a long time(The pictures were put into the color pages of this journal.).

STUDIES ON PATHOLOGIC CHANGES OF CEREBRAL CONCUSSION AND APOPTOSIS OF NERVOUS CELLS IN WISTAR RATS / 解放军医学杂志

Altogether 80 Wistar rats were used for an animal model of cerebral concussion, which were sacrificed on days 1,3,7,14 and 30 after injury and the brain tissue was collected. The pathologic changes of cerebral concussion and apoptosis of nervous cells were studied by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy and in situ terminal end labeling method. The results showed that the clinical situation for cerebral concussion occurred in rats struck by 100g standard weight from 1 meter high. The basic pathologic changes were the cerebral vascular dilatation, congestion, hemorrhage, and edema of cerebral tissue. Nervous cells underaent degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis, and the Nissl bodies obviously decreased, even disappeared. On days 1～3 after injury, dot or piece necrosis was seen in brain tissue, around which the tissue rarefied. Monocytes and foam cells increased, and lots of neurons underwent degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis. The edema of cerebral tissue reached its peak on day 7. Hippocampal pyramidal cells decreased in number and showed the changes of obvious ischemia. On days 14～30, blood vessels also showed dilatation, congestion and hemorrhage, whereas edema alleviated. The neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus also showed the changes of chronic ischemia. By in situ terminal end labeling the number of apoptotic neurons increased on day 1, reached its peak on day 3 and still existed on day 30. The results suggested that the main pathologic changes of cerebral concussion were blood circulatory disorder and nervous cell degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis of nervous cells was one of the main changes in cerebral concussion.

STUDY ON APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE IN NEURONS OF CEREBELLAR GRANULAR LAYER / 解放军医学杂志

By observing apoptosis and morphological changes in primary culture of neurons from cerebellar granular layer, the neurons were irradiated with EMP (electromagnetic pulses), the possible injury mechanism was explored. The changes in death and apoptosis of the neurons were detected by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. The slides stained with HE and TUNNEL were examined with light and fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that not only death of the neurons occurred immediately, but also apoptosis appeared after irradiation with EMP. Our conclusion is EMP can promote necrosis and apoptosis of neurons from cerebellar granular layer at early stage, which may result from DNA injury induced by EMP.

INFLUENCE OF EMP IRRADIATION ON LDH, AST, CHE, K+ AND Na+ EN SUPERNATANT OF CULTURED RAT PI- TUITARY CELLS / 解放军医学杂志

By observing the changes in LDH、AST、CHE、K、Na+ contents in supernatant of cultured rat pituitary cells after electromagnetic pulse (EMP) irradiation the injury mechanism to pituitary cells was explored. Pituitary cells of Wistar rat was cultured in 6-hole plates. The cells in five plates were irradiated with high field strength EMP ( electromagnetic pulse) for 5 times within 2 minutes. The electromagnetic pulse simulator provided a high electric field intensity of 60 KV/m, with rise time 20-nsec and pulse wide 30/?S. Contents of LDH, AST, CHE, K+ and Na+ in the supernatant were measured using reagent boxes (Beijing Zhongsheng High-tech Bioengineering Company) at Oh, 1h, 6h, 12h and 24h following irradiation, respeetively. All data were analyzed by statistical software Spss 8. 0. The results showed that LDH and CHE contents in the supernatant increased significantly at Oh after irradiation with EMP (P 0. 05). Our conclusion is EMP could injure membranes of pituitary cells.

The role of P53, Bax, Bcl-2 expression and cell apoptosis in the formation and development of acute radiation-induced skin ulcers / 军事医学科学院院刊

Objective:To study the expression of P53, Bax, Bcl-2 proteins and the role of cell apoptosis in the formation and development of acute radiation-induced skin ulcers.Methods:A rat model which was locally irradiated with 60 Co γ-rays was used, and the pathological changes were observed for 40 days. Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay were performed which enabled the detection of P53, Bax, Bcl-2 and cell apoptosis during the formation and development of radiation skin ulcers.Results: Skin ulcers were found on day 14 after irradiation, and enlarged and deepened gradually during the observation period. P53 was over expressed during days 11 to 40 after irradiation and was localized in vascular endotheliocytes and smooth muscle cells. Bax was moderately positive during days 14 to 21 and weakly positive during days 28 to 35, and was localized in vascular endotheliocytes, some fibroblasts and proliferating keratinocytes. Bcl-2 was weakly positive during days 1 to 11 after irradiation, and was located in keratinocytes, hair follicular cells and some vascular endotheliocytes. Bcl-2 was negative during days 11 to 40.The rate of cell apoptosis, especially of vascular endotheliocytes,wash igher than that in the early process of normal wound healing. Conclusions:After irradiation,the increased expression of the apoptosis-inducing protein P53, Bax and the decreased expression of the apoptosis-inhibiting protein Bcl-2 might be associated with the high rate of apoptotic events, and play important roles in the formation and development of radiation skin ulcers.

Study on the injury effect of EMP on Rhesus monkey eye / 解放军医学杂志

retina. Posterior capsular edema and vacuoles were found. The main complication of lens injury was cataract. Conclusions High power EMP may cause serious injuries to optical system. Lens is the most sensitive organ to EMP injury, and may lead to cataract

Role of cellular paracrine in the mechanism of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by stretch / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the role of cellular paracrine in the mechanism of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by stretch. METHODS: [ 3H]-leu incorporation into cultured cardiomyocytes was measured when stimulated by conditioned-media of myocardial fibroblast and microvascular endothelial cell after stretch. RESULTS: [ 3H]-leu incorporation rate were both elevated significantly stimulated by conditioned-media of myocardial fibroblast and microvascular endothelial cell. And angiotensin II and endothelin of conditioned-media of myocardial fibroblast and microvascular endothelial cell were also elevated significantly. And [ 3H]-leu incorporation rate were inhibited significantly when the specific angiotensin II and endothelin receptor antagonist losartan(1 ?mol/L) and BQ123(1 ?mol/L) were added. [ 3H]-leu incorporation rate were inhibited over 80% when losartan(1 ?mol/L) and BQ123(1 ?mol/L) were added together. CONCLUSION: The activation of myocardial fibroblast and microvascular endothelial cell endocrine stimulated by stretch play a role through paracrine in the pathogenesis of pressure-overload heart hypertrophy.